A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Inguinal hernia diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic. Description there are many different kinds of hernias. Types of inguinal hernias direct inguinal hernia direct inguinal hernias by definition protrude through the. Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin. It has been estimated that more than onefourth of adult men in the united states have a. About one in four men develop a hernia at some point in life. Coughing increases pressure in the abdominal cavity. An inguinal hernia can occur any time from infancy to adulthood and is much more common in males than females.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for elective laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair cannot be universally recommended. Read the following passage on inguinal hernia, and choose the best answer for the questions that follow. For surgical descriptions of repair of inguinal hernias including via laparoscopy, please refer to chapters 36, 39 and 59. The most common symptom of a hernia is a bulge or lump in the affected area. Amyands hernia is an uncommon form of inguinal hernia. Inguinal hernia knowledge for medical students and. Among acquired or congenital hernias, inguinal remains to be most common, with prevalence of 25% and 2% in males and females respectively. The role of ultrasound scan in the diagnosis of occult. Pdf international guidelines for groin hernia management. Groin inguinal hernia definition hernia is a general term for a bulge or protrusion of an organ through a part of the body in which it is usually contained. Inguinal hernia repair is surgery to repair a hernia in your groin. The aim of this study is to examine the role of ultrasound in conjunction with clinical judgment in diagnosing occult hernias in patients with groin pain and aid further management.
Inguinal hernia article about inguinal hernia by the. Symptoms of an inguinal hernia usually appear gradually and include a bulge in the groin, discomfort or sharp pain, a. This type of hernia is caused by a birth defect in the abdominal wall that is congenital present at birth. Part of the intestine bulges into the inguinal canalthe channel through which testes drop into the scrotum before birth. An inguinal hernia occurs when abdominal cavity contents enter into the inguinal canal. So to learn more about the definition of an inguinal hernia with corresponding images for increased insight, read right till the end of this article. Direct inguinal hernia a direct inguinal hernia occurs when the posterior abdominal wall is directly penetrated at hesselbachs triangle by intraabdominal structures. Abdominal hernia medical definition merriamwebster. In girls or women, inguinal hernias may contain part of the female reproductive system, such as an ovary. Reduction of the hernia is usually facilitated by casting the animal in lateral recumbency. Some common ones, for instance, oesophageal, needed advanced diagnostic techniques to spot them. By definition, inguinal hernias are present when there are intestinal contents in the inguinal canal. Inguinal hernias are often asymptomatic, presenting as a painless swelling in the groin. In an inguinal hernia, the intestine or the bladder protrudes through the abdominal wall or into the inguinal canal in the groin.
Inguinal hernia definition of inguinal hernia by the. Inguinal hernia definition of inguinal hernia by medical. During surgery to repair the hernia, the bulging tissue is pushed back in. Your doctor will check for a bulge in the groin area. The sac is in the spermatic cord, lying anterior to the other structures. When an inguinal hernia occurs, part of the peritoneumthe lining of the abdominal cavitybulges through the abdominal wall and forms a sac around the hernia. For example, in the case of an inguinal hernia, you may notice a lump on either side of your pubic bone where your. Direct and indirect hernias are the two types of inguinal hernia, and they have different causes. While the person is standing, the doctor examines the groin and asks the person to cough. Hernia, inguinal definition of hernia, inguinal by. A hernia, dr samuel johnson wrote in his dictionary 1755 is any kind of rupture, diversified by the name of the part affected, an accurate definition even now. Backgroundthe etiology of inguinal hernias remains uncertain even though the lifetime risk of developing an inguinal hernia is 27% for men and 3% for women. The most familiar are those that occur in the abdomen.
Inguinal hernias most often contain fat or part of the small intestine. Definition protrusion of a viscus through an opening in the wall of the cavity in which it is contained the size of a hernia is determined by the dimension of the neck and the volume of the distended sac reducible incarcerated when the protruded viscus can be returned to the abdomen. Diagnosis of inguinal region hernias with axial ct. If the diagnosis isnt readily apparent, your doctor might order an imaging test, such as an. It represents hernias and its complication with appendicitis is still rarer with 0. Hernia definition, the protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in its surrounding walls, especially in the abdominal region. A physical exam is usually all thats needed to diagnose an inguinal hernia. The multifactorial threshold model and segregation analysis were applied to these families to investigate the mode of inheritance of congenital indirect inguinal hernia.
An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of abdominal or pelvic contents through a dilated internal inguinal ring or attenuated inguinal floor into the inguinal canal and out of the external inguinal ring, causing a visible or easily palpable bulge. They are the most common type of hernia and account for around 75% of all anterior abdominal wall hernias, with a prevalence of 4% in those over 45 years. If the person has an inguinal hernia, coughing will cause the hernia to bulge outward, making it easier for the doctor to detect. Hernial sac is patent up to the bottom of the scrotum males or labia majora females. An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue, such as part of the intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. Inguinal hernias can be indirect or direct, incarcerated, or strangulated indirect inguinal hernia. A hernia protruding through the abdominal wall via the deep inguinal ring and passes down the inguinal canal lateral to the inferior epigastric artery. Inguinal hernias are up to 10 times more common in men than in women. Inguinal hernia accounts for about 75 per cent of all hernias. Inguinal hernias occur when part of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity omentum or intestine protrudes through a weak spot in the abdomen often along the inguinal canal, which carries the spermatic cord in men. Hernia does not come out of the superficial inguinal ring and is limited to the inguinal canal. If the hernia cannot be pushed back in, it is considered incarcerated the contents of the hernia are trapped. A hernia may develop in various parts of the body, most commonly in the region of the abdomen abdominal hernia. About 96% of all groin hernias are inguinal, and most occur in men.
With roughly 70% of all occurring hernias diagnosed as inguinal, being aware of what an inguinal hernia is can potentially save a lot of time and worry in the longrun. A hernia is tissue that bulges out of a weak spot in the abdominal wall. It is often the result of increased pressure within the abdomen, whether due to lifting, coughing, straining, or accident. The doctor bases the diagnosis of inguinal hernia on an examination. Others, such as the strangulated umbilical hernia that caused the death of queen caroline in 1737, would have required only careful. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral. International guidelines for groin hernia management. We performed a genetic analysis of 280 families with congenital indirect inguinal hernia ascertained in shandong province. Indirect inguinal hernia this occurs when the internal opening of the inguinal canal, which usually closes around the time of birth, remains open.
A physical exam is usually all it takes to diagnose the problem. Your abdominal wall is strengthened and supported with sutures stitches. Information and translations of inguinal hernia in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Guidelines for laparoscopic tapp and endoscopic tep. An inguinal hernia occurs when the intestines or fat from the abdomen bulge through the lower abdominal wall into the inguinal, or groin, area.
Other hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias. In male patients, follow the spermatic cord spermatic cord runs in the inguinal ring and plunges down into the abdomen at the deep inguinal ring. Resultslateral and medial hernias seem to have common as well as different etiologies. Your intestine may bulge out through this weakened area. An indirect inguinal hernia is the most common type. An inguinal hernia is an abnormal protrusion of intraabdominal contents either through the deep inguinal ring indirect inguinal hernia. In this article, we shall look at the classification, clinical features and management of inguinal herniae. The aim was to summarize the evidence on hernia etiology, with focus on differences between lateral and medial hernias. Inguinal hernias are not dangerous itself but can lead to significant complications especially if the intestinal tissue loses its blood supply. Little is known about the epidemiology of inguinal hernia in resource poor settings, however the prevalence of inguinal hernia in tanzanian adults is 5. It is recommended that antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered in the presence of risk factors for wound and mesh infection based on patient advanced age, corticosteroid usage, immunosuppressive conditions and therapy, obesity, diabetes, and malignancy.
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